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A culvert is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom, the word can also be used for a longer artificially buried watercourse. [1]
The incident flooded the creek and its adjacent Muwekma Ohlone Park with sewage. The park had to be excavated to make way for the repairing of the sewer pipe. [19] [21] It was estimated that it would take more than $101,660 to repair and $65,000 for wildlife habitat restoration. [19] The remaining Islais Creek Park is next to Cargo Way and 3rd ...
The majority are pre-cast concrete pipe culverts, some with stone surrounding the outlets, of varying sizes (approximately 300mm-750mm diameter) and single and double-pipe configurations. [1] Two substantial off-form box culverts are located at the railway turning triangle and near the approach to Wee Macgregor Mine.
[3] [4] 270 m (890 ft) of underground culvert near Abbey Wood railway station was destroyed, and a by-pass culvert was created for the watercourse further from the live rails. [3] Initially the contractors thought the river diversion may cost up to £20 million, but managed to complete the work at a lower price. [3]
England sets maximum spacing at 90 metres (300 ft). The only exception is for sewers with diameters larger than human heights. Those can have spacing up to 200 metres (660 ft). [10] Maximum spacing of 100 metres (330 ft) is used in Scotland. [11] The 120-metre (390 ft) requirement is used in Brazil, [12] and 150-metre (490 ft) in South Africa. [13]
Vertical pipes, usually made of precast concrete, called manholes, connect the mains to the surface. Depending upon site application and use, these vertical pipes can be cylindrical, eccentric, or concentric. The manholes are used for access to the sewer pipes for inspection and maintenance, and as a means to vent sewer gases.
The size of the culverts (often concrete pipes) is usually selected to allow the water to flow below the roadway and provide a dry crossing surface for most of the year. During periods of high water flow (e.g. spring runoff or flash floods), water will flow over the top of the crossing, as the culverts are not large enough to carry these flood ...
The energy consumed in manufacturing ductile iron pipe was 19.55 MJ per kg and volume of emissions released during manufacture was 1.430 kg CO 2 per kg, compared to 68.30 MJ per kg of energy and 4.860 kg CO 2 per kg emissions for PVC pipes, and 1.24 MJ per kg and 0.148 kg CO 2 per kg for concrete pipes of the same diameter.