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The modern pectoral cross is relatively large, and is different from the small crosses worn on necklaces by many Christians. Most pectoral crosses are made of precious metals (platinum, gold or silver) and some contain precious or semi-precious gems.
A Manin chain (Italian: catena manin or catena d'oro Manin) is a type of Venetian jewellery made of tiny gold links. The name comes from the Italian word manina (tiny hand) because of the painstaking work required to form the links; it has also been proposed that the name refers to the Manin family, including Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice.
A portion of the chain will often be joined together with a small ring behind the neck so that it hangs down the back. Engolpia come in many different shapes, including oval, rhombus, square, or a double-headed eagle. In antiquarian contexts, an "encolpion cross" is a pectoral cross of the Byzantine period.
Gold chain with garnets, rock crystals and enamel from the 16th century, Sweden.. Jewellery chains, jewelry chains or body chains are metal chains [1] [2] that are used in jewellery to encircle parts of the body, [3] namely the neck, wrists and ankles, [4] and they also serve as points to hang decorative charms and pendants.
Crosses are often worn as an indication of commitment to the Christian faith, [2] [3] [4] and are sometimes received as gifts for rites such as baptism and confirmation. [5] [6] Communicants of the Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox churches are expected to wear their baptismal cross necklaces at all times. [7] [8]
Neck chains carried a variety of pendants, from crosses (the most common) to lockets and elaborate pieces with gems. Thin "fillets" or strips of flexible gold sheet, often decorated, were probably mostly sewn into hair or head-dresses.