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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is notable for being the first disseminated cancer to be cured. [16] Survival for children increased from under 10% in the 1960s to 90% in 2015. [2] Survival rates remain lower for babies (50%) [17] and adults (35%). [8]
In childhood, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients can expect a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 80%. [1] Among the approximately 25% of children who relapse, survival rates drop to 30-50%, with patients generally showing a much poorer prognosis. [ 1 ]
Survival rates for most childhood cancers have improved, with a notable improvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (the most common childhood cancer). Due to improved treatment, the 5-year survival rate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia has increased from less than 10% in the 1960s to about 90% during the time period 2003-2009. [16]
In children under 15 in first-world countries, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60% or even 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. For infants (those diagnosed under the age of 1), the survival rate is around 40%. [13] In children who are cancer-free five years after diagnosis of acute leukemia, the cancer is unlikely to return. [13]
For example, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may have better outcomes if they are treated with pediatric treatment protocols rather than adult treatment protocols. The 5-year survival rates for 15- to 19-year-olds with ALL has risen to 74% as of 2007–2013, from survival rates of around 50% in the early 1990s.
It has been determined that the prognosis of hypodiploid is much worse than standard acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [1] The lower the chromosome count, the lower the survival rate. In a study documented by the American Society of Hematology 17 of 27 patients relapsed, which indicates poor treatment responsiveness of hypodiploid ALL. [2]
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