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Zaleplon significantly reduces the time required to fall asleep by improving sleep latency and may therefore facilitate sleep induction rather than sleep maintenance. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Due to its ultrashort elimination half-life, zaleplon may not be effective in reducing premature awakenings; however, it may be administered to alleviate ...
As of 2008 and 2017, over-the-counter antihistamines were not recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine for treatment of chronic insomnia "due to the relative lack of efficacy and safety data". [12] [13] Neither version of their guidelines explicitly included or mentioned doxylamine, although diphenhydramine was discussed.
Somnifacient (from Latin somnus, sleep [1]), also known as sedatives or sleeping pills, is a class of medications that induces sleep. It is mainly used for treatment of insomnia. Examples of somnifacients include benzodiazepines, barbiturates and antihistamines. Around 2-6% of adults with insomnia use somnifacients to aid sleep. [2]
Suvorexant is used for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance, in adults. [2] [6] At a dose of 15 to 20 mg and in terms of treatment–placebo difference, it reduces time to sleep onset by up to 10 minutes, reduces time awake after sleep onset by about 15 to 30 minutes, and increases total sleep time by about 10 to 20 minutes. [2]
[3] [5] It is indicated specifically for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset. [3] It reduces the time taken to fall asleep, but the degree of clinical benefit is small. [6] The medication is approved for long-term use. [3] Ramelteon is taken by mouth. [3]
Long-term use is not recommended, as tolerance, dependence, and addiction can occur. [6] [7] One low-quality study found that zopiclone is ineffective in improving sleep quality or increasing sleep time in shift workers, and more research in this area has been recommended. [8]
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