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Nadir also refers to the downward-facing viewing geometry of an orbiting satellite, [2] such as is employed during remote sensing of the atmosphere, as well as when an astronaut faces the Earth while performing a spacewalk. A nadir image is a satellite image or aerial photo of the Earth taken vertically.
Diagram showing the relationship between the zenith, the nadir, and different types of horizon. The zenith (UK: / ˈ z ɛ n ɪ θ /, US: / ˈ z iː n ɪ θ /) [1] [2] is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction opposite to the gravity direction at that location ...
The platform of the radar moves in direction of the x-axis. The radar "looks" with the looking angle θ (or so called off-nadir angle). The angle α between x-axis and the line of sight (LOS) is called cone angle, the angle φ between the x-axis and the projection of the line of sight to the (x; y)-plane is called azimuth angle.
In topography, a nadir is a point on a surface that is lower in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. [1] Mathematically , a nadir is a local minimum of elevation. A nadir may be the lowest point of a dry basin or depression , or the deepest point of a body of water or ice .
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In spherical geometry, a vertical circle is a great circle on the celestial sphere that is perpendicular to the horizon. [1] Therefore, it contains the vertical direction, passing through the zenith and the nadir. There is a vertical circle for any given azimuth, where azimuth is the angle measured east from the north on the celestial horizon.
The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction.It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane.
In astronomy, the meridian is the great circle passing through the celestial poles, as well as the zenith and nadir of an observer's location. Consequently, it contains also the north and south points on the horizon, and it is perpendicular to the celestial equator and horizon.