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While shingles is more common among older people, children may also get the disease. [14] According to the US National Institutes of Health, the number of new cases per year ranges from 1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 person-years among healthy individuals to 3.9 to 11.8 per 1,000 person-years among those older than 65 years of age.
Years or decades later, shingles occurs when virions in a single ganglion reactivate, travel down nerve fibres and infect the skin around the nerve. The shingles rash is restricted to the area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve, termed the dermatome. Exactly how VZV remains latent in the body, and subsequently reactivates, is unclear.
Treatment: There are several antiviral medications to treat shingles, including acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir, per the CDC. Cool compresses, oatmeal baths, and calamine lotion may also ...
While this condition is most commonly found in kids, children can spread it to adults, Lipner adds, and adults can develop severe cases. Other symptoms: The rash is often itchy, the AAD says.
Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common long-term complication of herpes zoster, and occurs in approximately 20% of patients with shingles. [2] Risk factors for PHN include older age, severe prodrome or rash, severe acute zoster pain, ophthalmic involvement, immunosuppression, and chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and lupus. [1]
It causes chickenpox (varicella) commonly affecting children and young adults, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults but rarely in children. As a late complication of VZV infection, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 may develop in rare cases. VZV infections are species-specific to humans. The virus can survive in external environments for a few hours.
Many other common viruses apart from the ones mentioned above can also produce an exanthem as part of their presentation, though they are not considered part of the classic numbered list: Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox or shingles) Mumps; rhinovirus (the common cold) unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood
Erysipelas (/ ˌ ɛ r ə ˈ s ɪ p ə l ə s /) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.