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According to Feldman (2008), under many Muslim caliphate states and later states ruled by sultans, the ulama were regarded as the guardians of Islamic law and prevented the Caliph from dictating legal results, with the ruler and ulama forming a sort of "separation of powers" in government. [38]
Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesian pronunciation: [nahˈdatʊl ʊˈlama], lit. ' Revival of the Ulama ' , NU ) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia . Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023, [ 2 ] making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. [ 3 ]
Ulama and kyais, mostly wealthy landowners of rural area, were authoritative figures in this system, and santri (students) learned Islam through taqlid (rote learning) and kitab kuning. Distinct characteristics of traditionalism are based on such syncretism and rural communal dynamics.
Indonesian traditional Quranic school. The spread of Islam in Indonesia was a slow, gradual and relatively peaceful process. One theory suggests it arrived directly from Arabia before the 9th century, while another credits Sufi merchants and preachers for bringing Islam to Indonesian islands in the 12th or 13th century either from Gujarat in India or directly from the Middle East. [4]
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day. [citation needed]
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
Islam – population of Muslims on percentage by global subdivisions, 2022 estimates. Ummah (/ ˈ ʊ m ə /; [1] Arabic: أُمَّة) is an Arabic word meaning Muslim identity, nation, religious community, or the concept of a Commonwealth of the Muslim Believers (أمة المؤمنين ummat al-muʼminīn). [2]
Kyai Hajj Abdul Wahab Hasbullah (31 March 1889 – 29 December 1971) was a founders of the Nahdlatul Ulama movement. He also initiated the usage of newspaper for dakwah, with the establishment of the Nahdlatul Ulama newspaper, Soeara Nahdlatul Oelama. He also created the lyrics for the anthem of Nahdlatul Ulama, Ya Lal Wathon, in 1934.