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Over the centuries, these structures have incorporated various architectural styles, ranging from the simple, modest structures of early Islam to the grand, ornate designs seen in the Ottoman, Persian, and Mughal empires. [2] In the 20th century, with the global spread of Modernist architecture, the design of mosques also began to change.
Islamic and Mujédar stucco decoration followed the main types of ornamentation in Islamic art: geometric, arabesque or vegetal, and calligraphic motifs. [3] [2] Three-dimensional muqarnas was often also carved in stucco, [24] [7] most typically found as transitional elements on vaults, domes, capitals, friezes, and doorways.
The hypostyle mosque constructed by Muhammad in Medina served as a model for early mosque design throughout the Islamic world. [10] Umayyad religious architecture was the earliest expression of Islamic art on a grand scale [163] and the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus reproduced the hypostyle model at a monumental scale. [164]
[1]: 414–415 Zellij is found in modern buildings making use of traditional designs such as the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca which adds a new color palette with traditional designs. [7] The influence of zellij patterns was also evident in Spanish tiles produced during the Renaissance period and is seen in some modern imitations painted on ...
[1] [2] Scholarly references on Islamic architecture often refer to this architectural tradition in terms such as architecture of the Islamic West [2] [1] [3] or architecture of the Western Islamic lands. [4] [5] [3] The use of the term "Moorish" comes from the historical Western European designation of the Muslim inhabitants of these regions ...
In Iraq during the 1920s and 1930s, the designs of the latticework were influenced by the Art Nouveau and Art Deco movements of the time. [13] Mashrabiyas, along with other distinct features of historic Islamic architecture, were being demolished as part of a modernisation program across the Arab world from the first decades of the 20th century ...
Islamic ornament is the use of decorative forms and patterns in Islamic art and Islamic architecture. Its elements can be broadly divided into the arabesque , using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy , consisting of religious texts with stylized appearance, used both ...
Armenian architecture in the 13th century also made use of muqarnas, spurred by the influence of contemporary Islamic architecture. [42] Examples of this can be found in the Geghard Monastery , the Gandzasar Monastery , the church in Astvatsankal (all in present-day Armenia), [ 43 ] and at the Church of the Apostles and the Church of St Gregory ...