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One such surveillance program is the Global Virome Project (GVP) an international collaborative research initiative based at the One Health Institute at the University of California, Davis. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The GVP aims to boost infectious disease surveillance around the globe by using low cost sequencing methods in high risk countries to prevent ...
A systematic exploration of the viruses that infect humans (the human virome) is important and feasible with these methods. Polymerase chain reaction is a tool to amplify and detect specific DNA sequences. It can be used to help characterize the virome, but it is limited by the need for at least partial DNA sequence information.
Sequencing is the only diagnostic method that will provide the full sequence of a virus genome. Hence, it provides the most information about very small differences between two viruses that would look the same using other diagnostic tests. Currently it is only used when this depth of information is required.
Virome refers to the assemblage of viruses [1] [2] that is often investigated and described by metagenomic sequencing of viral nucleic acids [3] that are found associated with a particular ecosystem, organism or holobiont. The word is frequently used to describe environmental viral shotgun metagenomes.
An advantage to high throughput sequencing is that this technique does not require cloning the DNA before sequencing, removing one of the main biases and bottlenecks in environmental sampling. The first metagenomic studies conducted using high-throughput sequencing used massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing . [ 17 ]
A variant of SAGE using high-throughput sequencing techniques, called digital gene expression analysis, was also briefly used. [ 9 ] [ 22 ] However, these methods were largely overtaken by high throughput sequencing of entire transcripts, which provided additional information on transcript structure such as splice variants .
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Coupling it with cell hashing enables the application of CITE-seq on bulk samples and sample multiplexing. These techniques work to reduce an overall cost of high-throughput sequencing on multiple samples. Lastly, CITE-seq can be adapted to detect small molecules, RNA interference, CRISPR, and other gene editing techniques.