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Functions with promises also have promise aggregation methods that allow the program to await multiple promises at once or in some special pattern (such as C#'s Task.WhenAll(), [1]: 174–175 [13]: 664–665 which returns a valueless Task that resolves when all of the tasks in the arguments have resolved). Many promise types also have ...
The terms future, promise, delay, and deferred are often used interchangeably, although some differences in usage between future and promise are treated below. Specifically, when usage is distinguished, a future is a read-only placeholder view of a variable, while a promise is a writable, single assignment container which sets the value of the ...
Programming with continuations can also be useful when a caller does not want to wait until the callee completes. For example, in user-interface (UI) programming, a routine can set up dialog box fields and pass these, along with a continuation function, to the UI framework.
Julia—"concurrent programming primitives: Tasks, async-wait, Channels." [15] JavaScript—via web workers, in a browser environment, promises, and callbacks. JoCaml—concurrent and distributed channel based, extension of OCaml, implements the join-calculus of processes; Join Java—concurrent, based on Java language
In most cases, an FFI is defined by a higher-level language, so that it may employ services defined and implemented in a lower-level language, typically a system programming language like C or C++. This is typically done to either access operating system (OS) services in the language in which the OS API is defined, or for performance goals.
In assembly, C, C++, Pascal, Modula2 and other languages, a callback function is stored internally as a function pointer. Using the same storage allows different languages to directly share callbacks without a design-time or runtime interoperability layer. For example, the Windows API is accessible via multiple languages, compilers and assemblers.
ReactiveX (Rx, also known as Reactive Extensions) is a software library originally created by Microsoft that allows imperative programming languages to operate on sequences of data regardless of whether the data is synchronous or asynchronous.
Haxe originated with the idea of supporting client-side and server-side programming in one language, and simplifying the communication logic between them. [7] Code written in Haxe can be compiled into JavaScript, C++, Java, JVM, PHP, C#, Python, Lua [8] and Node.js. [9]