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This cycad is characterized by an upright stem reaching up to 1 meter in height and 25–30 cm in diameter. It often produces secondary stems from basal suckers. Its pinnate leaves form a crown at the top of the stem, ranging in color from gray-greenish to blue and reaching lengths of up to 1.4 meters.
Plants can cause reactions ranging from laminitis (found in horses bedded on shavings from black walnut trees), anemia, kidney disease and kidney failure (from eating the wilted leaves of red maples), to cyanide poisoning (from the ingestion of plant matter from members of the genus Prunus) and other symptoms.
Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees, [2] bread palms [3] or kaffir bread, [4] since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem.
The severity of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis depends on how much of the poisonous plant was consumed in a height, age, and weight to the amount of substance ingested ratio. The only difference in the symptoms will be how prominent they are depending on the above ratio. Symptoms include: [2] [5] [9] [12] Dull dragging ache in the right upper ...
The same should be done when cooling down. Ensure that the horse is cared for, for an issues to the immune system and allowed to recover before continuing training. [1] A horse ideally should receive exercise once, or possibly twice a day, every day, to prevent the recurrence of ER. If possible, avoid breaks in the horse's exercise schedule. [1]
The first human cases were identified in 1938 in Massachusetts, during an outbreak with 38 human cases and 248 horse cases. [ 1 ] 25 of the 38 human cases resulted in death. That same year, an epizootic occurred in Connecticut and Rhode Island and involved dozens of horses and multiple pheasant flocks.
A mature sporangium of a Mucor sp. fungus. Usually, zygomycosis is a disease of the skin, but can also occur in the sinuses or gastrointestinal tract. In humans, it is most prevalent in immunocompromised patients (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [HIV/AIDS], the elderly, severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID], etc.) and patients with acidosis (i.e., diabetes ...
The flour is soaked and washed several times, as the seed in its natural form is extremely toxic. Ample research on the cycad hypothesis found a component of the seeds, cycasin, was a potent toxin; it was discovered in the 1950s. As toxic as it was, it was incapable of causing of the symptoms of lytico-bodig.