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Friedel–Crafts alkylations can be reversible. Although this is usually undesirable it can be exploited; for instance by facilitating transalkylation reactions. [10] 1,3-Diisopropylbenzene is produced via transalkylation, a special form of Friedel–Crafts alkylation. It also allows alkyl chains to be added reversibly as protecting groups.
Cumene is formed in the gas-phase Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene by propene. Benzene and propene are compressed together to a pressure of 30 standard atmospheres at 250 °C in presence of a catalytic Lewis acid. Phosphoric acid is often favored over aluminium halides.
The foot-note lists an abstract for 1,3,5-Tris(aminomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene, but this is a different molecule, and the abstract doesn't even mention friedel-crafts. I'll fix this later, and add a new section on the limitations of friedel crafts reactions (specifically, polyalkylation, reactivity, and the para/ortho substitution.)
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation process involves chlorination of n-paraffins to monochloroparaffins followed by alkylation of benzene using aluminum chloride (AlCl 3) catalyst. This method is one of the oldest commercial routes to LABs. Each process generates LAB products with distinct features.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene is often catalyzed by aluminium trichloride. Electrophilic alkylation uses Lewis acids and Brønsted acids, sometimes both. Classically, Lewis acids, e.g., aluminium trichloride, are employed when the alkyl halide are used. Brønsted acids are used when alkylating with olefins.
The Friedel–Crafts reaction can be performed either as an acylation or as an alkylation. Often, aluminium trichloride is used, but almost any strong Lewis acid can be applied. For the acylation reaction a stoichiometric amount of aluminum trichloride is required.
James Crafts, the son of Royal Altamont Crafts and Marianne Mason (daughter of Senator Jeremiah Mason), [3] [4] was born in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from Harvard University in 1858. Although he never received his Ph.D. , he studied chemistry in Germany at the Academy of Mines (1859) of Freiberg , and served as an assistant to Robert ...
Friedel-Crafts alkylation: alkylbenzenes can be synthesized from olefins or alkyl halides with aromatic compounds in the presence of a catalyst such as AlCl 3, HF, or H 2 SO 4. [ 4 ] Gattermann-Koch reaction : named after German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch , the Gattermann-Koch reaction is a catalyzed formylation of ...