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The Marshall-Edgeworth index, credited to Marshall (1887) and Edgeworth (1925), [11] is a weighted relative of current period to base period sets of prices. This index uses the arithmetic average of the current and based period quantities for weighting. It is considered a pseudo-superlative formula and is symmetric. [12]
An imperial pint 570 ml of such lager (at 5.2% ABV) contains almost 3 units of alcohol [33] rather than the oft-quoted 2 units. Stronger beer (6–12%) may contain 2 UK units or more per imperial half pint. A half-litre (500 ml) of standard lager or ale (5%) contains 2.5 UK units.
3 ⁄ 4 of an Imperial pint; a schooner is an imperial half pint [285 mL] in South Australia. pint (US) / large glass (US) 473.18 mL: 1 US pt = 16 US fl oz: 16.65 imp oz: 1 US pint. pint (imp.) 568.26 mL: 19.2 US fl oz: 1 imp. pt = 20 imp oz: Beer sales in Britain and the Commonwealth are based on multiples of 1 ⁄ 3, 1 ⁄ 2, and full ...
for each future cash flow (FV) at any time period (t) in years from the present time, summed over all time periods. The sum can then be used as a net present value figure. If the amount to be paid at time 0 (now) for all the future cash flows is known, then that amount can be substituted for DPV and the equation can be solved for r , that is ...
The formula above can be used for more than calculating the doubling time. If one wants to know the tripling time, for example, replace the constant 2 in the numerator with 3. As another example, if one wants to know the number of periods it takes for the initial value to rise by 50%, replace the constant 2 with 1.5.
The return, or the holding period return, can be calculated over a single period.The single period may last any length of time. The overall period may, however, instead be divided into contiguous subperiods. This means that there is more than one time period, each sub-period beginning at the point in time where the previous one ended. In such a case, where there are
The need for day count conventions is a direct consequence of interest-earning investments. Different conventions were developed to address often conflicting requirements, including ease of calculation, constancy of time period (day, month, or year) and the needs of the accounting department.
The period is usually given in years, but the calculation may be made simpler if is calculated using the period in which the majority of the problem is defined (e.g., using months if most of the cash flows occur at monthly intervals) and converted to a yearly period thereafter. Any fixed time can be used in place of the present (e.g., the end ...