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Tourette syndrome is defined only slightly differently by the WHO; [4] [8] in its ICD-11, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tourette syndrome is classified as a disease of the nervous system and a neurodevelopmental disorder, [18] [19] and only one motor tic and one or more vocal tics are ...
Coprolalia is an occasional characteristic of tic disorders, in particular Tourette syndrome, although it is not required for a diagnosis of Tourette's and only about 10% of Tourette's patients exhibit coprolalia. [2] It is not unique to tic disorders; it may also present itself as a neurological disorder. [3] [4]
Stereotypic movement disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome (TS). [6] [7] Unlike the tics of TS, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age three, [1] [8] are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics. Tics are less ...
Palilalia must be differentiated from other complex tic disorders (such as echolalia), stuttering, [10] and logoclonia. In contrast to stuttering or logoclonia, palilalic repetitions tend to consist of complete sections of words or phrases, [ 5 ] are often repeated many times, [ 11 ] and the speaker has no difficulty initiating speech.
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females. [3] At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve. [9] [10] Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability ...
Tic disorders occur along a spectrum, ranging from mild (transient or chronic tics) to more severe; Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. [23] Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. [23]
Other disorders associated with echolalia are Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, as well as pervasive developmental disorder. [10] In transcortical sensory aphasia, echolalia is common, with the patient incorporating another person's words or sentences into his or her own response ...
Psychomotor agitation is typically found in various mental disorders, especially in psychotic and mood disorders. It can be a result of drug intoxication or withdrawal. It can also be caused by severe hyponatremia. People with existing psychiatric disorders and men under the age of 40 are at a higher risk of developing psychomotor agitation. [2]