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The jet dyeing process involves the movement of fabric, as well as the movement of dye liquid. The dye bath is heated to extremely high temperatures with its maximum ranging around 135 to 140 degrees Celsius. The jet dyeing machine use a low specific liquor ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:15. The process involves making the fabric into a loop.
The difference between piece-dyeing in a vat and using a pad-dyeing machine is that in the latter, the fabric is continuously moved through one or more dye baths, rather than being stationary in a vat until it is fully saturated.
Winch machine is a high liquor dyeing machine operating at 1:20 (MLR) and a maximum temperature of 98 degrees Celsius. In a winch dyeing, the fabric remains in movement while the dye liquor stays stationary similar to a jigger but with lesser stress on the materials. Hence, suitable for delicate textures and fabric types such as knitted fabrics.
A ring dye laser. P-pump laser beam; G-gain dye jet; A-saturable absorber dye jet; M0, M1, M2-planar mirrors; OC–output coupler; CM1 to CM4-curved mirrors. A dye laser uses a gain medium consisting of an organic dye, which is a carbon-based, soluble stain that is often fluorescent, such as the dye in a highlighter pen.
A jet mill grinds materials by using a high speed jet of compressed air or inert gas to impact particles into each other. [1] Jet mills can be designed to output particles below a certain size while continuing to mill particles above that size, resulting in a narrow size distribution of the resulting product. [ 2 ]
The term was later also applied to the indirect sublimation transfer printing process, which uses a standard ink-jet printer to deposit sublimation-capable ink onto a transfer sheet. The printed transfer sheet is then pressed with the substrate with heat, transferring the dye to the substrate, such as plastic or fabric, via sublimation.
Dyeing is commonly carried out with an anionic direct dye by completely immersing the fabric (or yarn) in an aqueous dye bath according to a prescribed procedure. For improved fastness to washing, rubbing and light, further dyeing methods can be used. These require more complex chemistry during processing, and are thus more expensive to apply.
The sizing machine improved the process by sizing a warp before putting it into the loom. The warp threads are first wound onto a large beam, which is then placed at one end of the sizing machine. Then the warp is drawn off the beam and passes through a bath of boiling size, between sets of rollers and cooled, dried and rewound onto another beam.