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Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in humans. [48] Symptoms range from shivering and mental confusion, [49] to hallucinations and cardiac arrest. [48] In addition to cold injuries, breathing cold air can cause dehydration, because the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified from body moisture. [15]
The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological observatories and weather stations, usually using thermometers placed in a shelter such as a Stevenson screen—a standardized, well-ventilated, white-painted instrument shelter. The thermometers should be positioned 1.25–2 m above the ground.
At the 60th parallel, the air rises to the tropopause (about 8 km at this latitude) and moves poleward. As it does so, the upper-level air mass deviates toward the east. When the air reaches the polar areas, it has cooled by radiation to space and is considerably denser than the underlying air. It descends, creating a cold, dry high-pressure area.
By comparison, the summit of Mount Everest is at 8,848 m (29,029 ft); commercial airliners typically cruise between 10 and 13 km (33,000 and 43,000 ft), where the lower density and temperature of the air improve fuel economy; weather balloons reach 30.4 km (100,000 ft) and above; and the highest X-15 flight in 1963 reached 108.0 km (354,300 ft).
The core of the cold air and dangerously low RealFeel Temperatures will expand eastward next week. As the frigid air passes over open waters, ice will increase on rivers, ponds and lakes.
At IUPAC standard temperature and pressure (0 °C and 100 kPa), dry air has a density of approximately 1.2754 kg/m 3. At 20 °C and 101.325 kPa, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m 3. At 70 °F and 14.696 psi, dry air has a density of 0.074887 lb/ft 3.
"High temperatures will be in the 80s across the Southwest while 70s and 60s will prevail from southern California to the Pacific Northwest," the weather service said.
It varies with the temperature and pressure of the parcel and is often in the range 3.6 to 9.2 °C/km (2 to 5 °F/1000 ft), as obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental lapse rate is the decrease in temperature of air with altitude for a specific time and place (see below). It can be highly variable ...