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An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present. In contrast, an aerobic organism (aerobe) is an organism that requires an oxygenated environment.
The Earth was formed at 4.54 Gya, and the earliest evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.8 Gya from Western Australia. Some studies have suggested that fossil micro-organisms may have lived within hydrothermal vent precipitates dated 3.77 to 4.28 Gya from Quebec , soon after ocean formation 4.4 Gya during the Hadean .
Numerous fermentation pathways exist such as lactic acid fermentation, mixed acid fermentation, 2-3 butanediol fermentation where organic compounds are reduced to organic acids and alcohol. [8] [4] The energy yield of anaerobic respiration and fermentation (i.e. the number of ATP molecules generated) is less than in aerobic respiration. [8]
In anaerobic environments, methanogens play a vital ecological role, removing excess hydrogen and fermentation products that have been produced by other forms of anaerobic respiration. [17] Methanogens typically thrive in environments in which all electron acceptors other than CO 2 (such as oxygen , nitrate , ferric iron (Fe(III)), and sulfate ...
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. [2] [3] Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below).
The Oldest Living Organism Is Over 2 Billion Years Old Scientists have identified the oldest living species on Earth is a deep sea organism that hasn't evolved in more than two billion years.
As facultative anaerobes, they do survive anaerobic conditions, but grow better with a little oxygen. [9] Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and Magnetospira sp. QH-2 are aquatic microaerophilic magnetotactic bacteria. The formation of magnetite in such bacteria in general require microaerobic conditions. [1]
Anaerobic organism, any organism whose redox metabolism does not depend on free oxygen Anammox , anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle Anaerobic filter , an anaerobic digester with a tank containing a filter medium where anaerobic microbes can establish themselves