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In general, styles for tables and other block-level elements should be set using CSS classes, not with inline style attributes. This is because the site-wide CSS is more carefully tested to ensure compatibility with a wide range of browsers; it also creates a greater degree of professionalism by ensuring a consistent appearance between articles.
You can add a table using HTML rather than wiki markup, as described at HTML element#Tables. However, HTML tables are discouraged because wikitables are easier to customize and maintain, as described at manual of style on tables. Also, note that the <thead>, <tbody>, <tfoot>, <colgroup>, and <col> elements are not supported in wikitext.
Using two columns like this does have the disadvantage that searching the web page (either with a browser or a search engine) will usually not be able to find text that straddles the column boundary. Also, if the table has cell spacing (and thus border-collapse=separate), meaning that cells have separate borders with a gap in between, that gap ...
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables: the Manual of Style indicates best practices for tables. Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts: a quick guide to the Manual of Style for tables. mw:Help:Tables; User:Dcljr/Tables: table tutorials. Table (HTML): tags used for HTML tables. Category:Lists: vast category tree of pages with tables.
Another alternative is to copy the entire table from the displayed page, paste the text into a spreadsheet, move the columns as you will. Then reconstruct the table lines with a formula. This formula handles a three column table, reconstructing a single line.
A CSS width setting for the overall table in desktop view acts like width settings on divs and tables on webpages outside Wikipedia. A horizontal scrollbar is created when the screen is too narrow for the width setting. See width outside Wikipedia: width - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets | MDN; CSS width Property.
All data tables need a table caption that succinctly describes what the table is about. [WCAG 2] It plays the role of a table heading, and is recommended as a best practice. [2] You would usually need some kind of heading or description introducing a new table anyway, and this is what the caption feature exists for. Table captions are made with |+.
The purpose is of this template is for generating simple tables in locations where standard table markup is either not possible, without significant use of the {{!}} magic word (e.g., with a {{}} template), or cumbersome (due to the repetitive use of specification of the same style statement in each row).