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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – 10 November 1938) was a field marshal, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's military career explains his life between graduation from Ottoman War College in Istanbul as a lieutenant in 1905 to his resignation from the Ottoman Army on 8 July 1919, as well as his military ...
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, [ a ] also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha[ b ] until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal[ c ] from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 [ 2 ] (c. 1881 [ d ] – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from ...
In Ottoman military ranks, Pasha was a common title given to all ranks at and above Mirliva, and he was from then on addressed as "Mustafa Kemal Pasha" (Turkish: Paşa). Kemal Pasha, disgusted by the capitulations and concessions made by the Sultan to the Allies, and by the occupation of Constantinople (known as Istanbul in English since 1930 ...
e. A janissary (Ottoman Turkish: یڭیچری, romanized: yeŋiçeri, [je.ˈŋi.t͡ʃe.ɾ̞i], lit. 'new soldier') was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan 's household troops. They were the first modern standing army, and perhaps the first infantry force in the world to be equipped with firearms; adopted during ...
The Ottoman Army was the army of the Ottoman Empire after the country was reorganized along modern western European lines during the Tanzimat modernization period. It operated during the decline and dissolution of the empire, which roughly occurred between 1861 (though some sources date back to 1842) and 1918, the end of World War I for the Ottomans.
Ottoman Empire. The Great Turkish War (German: Großer Türkenkrieg), also called the Wars of the Holy League (Turkish: Kutsal İttifak Savaşları), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and the Kingdom of Hungary.
Gallipoli campaign; Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of the First World War: A collection of photographs from the campaign. From top and left to right: Ottoman commanders including Mustafa Kemal (fourth from left); Entente warships; V Beach from the deck of SS River Clyde; Ottoman soldiers in a trench; and Entente positions
The goal of Atatürk's reforms was to maintain the independence of Turkey from the direct rule of external forces (Western countries). [5] The process was not utopian (in the sense that it is not one leader's idea of how a perfect society should be, but it is a unifying force of a nation), in that Atatürk united the Turkish Muslim majority from 1919 to 1922 in the Turkish War of Independence ...