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Trial by ordeal was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused (called a "proband" [1]) was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. In medieval Europe, like trial by combat, trial by ordeal, such as cruentation, was sometimes considered a "judgement of ...
Unlike trial by ordeal in general, which is known to many cultures worldwide, trial by combat is known primarily from the customs of the Germanic peoples. [1] The practice was "almost universal in Europe" according to medievalist Eric Jager. [2] It was in use among the ancient Burgundians, Ripuarian Franks, Alamans, Lombards, and Swedes. [1]
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. While Jerusalem had been under Muslim rule for hundreds of years, by the 11th century the Seljuk takeover ...
Trial by fire and water : the medieval judicial ordeal (Oxford, 1986) (ed. with Angus MacKay) Medieval frontier societies; The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change, 950-1350 (London, 1993) England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, (Oxford, 2000)
Emma of Normandy (referred to as Ælfgifu in royal documents; [3] c. 984 – 6 March 1052) was a Norman -born noblewoman who became the English, Danish, and Norwegian queen through her marriages to the Anglo-Saxon king Æthelred the Unready and the Danish king Cnut the Great. A daughter of the Norman ruler Richard the Fearless and Gunnor, she ...
The Last Duel, a drama documentary based on the book and including comments by Jager, was broadcast by BBC Four as part of a medieval-themed season on 24 April 2008. A film adaptation of the novel was announced in July 2019 to be directed by Ridley Scott , with Ben Affleck , Jodie Comer and Matt Damon as stars, co-writers, and producers.
Barthelemi Undergoing the Ordeal of Fire (Gustave Doré) Peter Bartholomew (Old French: Pierre Barthelemieu, French: Pierre Barthélemy, c. 1075 – 20 April 1099) was a French soldier and mystic who was part of the First Crusade as part of the army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles. Peter was initially a servant to William, Lord of Cunhlat.
Athelston is an anonymous Middle English verse romance in 812 lines, dating from the mid or late 14th century. [1][2] Modern scholars often classify it as a "Matter of England" romance, because it deals entirely with pre-Conquest English settings and characters. [3] It is mainly written in twelve-line stanzas rhyming AABCCBDDBEEB, though the ...