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Python syntax and semantics. A snippet of Python code with keywords highlighted in bold yellow font. The syntax of the Python programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Python program will be written and interpreted (by both the runtime system and by human readers). The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java ...
Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.
e. Multiple dispatch or multimethods is a feature of some programming languages in which a function or method can be dynamically dispatched based on the run-time (dynamic) type or, in the more general case, some other attribute of more than one of its arguments. [1] This is a generalization of single-dispatch polymorphism where a function or ...
Reference counting. In computer science, reference counting is a programming technique of storing the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource, such as an object, a block of memory, disk space, and others. In garbage collection algorithms, reference counts may be used to deallocate objects that are no longer needed.
Multiset. In mathematics, a multiset (or bag, or mset) is a modification of the concept of a set that, unlike a set, [1] allows for multiple instances for each of its elements. The number of instances given for each element is called the multiplicity of that element in the multiset.
In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit[1] of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times. Callable units provide a powerful programming tool. [2] The primary purpose is to allow for the decomposition of a large and/or ...
In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism is the use of a single symbol to represent multiple different types. [ 1 ] In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types. [ 2 ] The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology where an organism or species can ...
Encapsulation is a technique that encourages decoupling. All object-oriented programming (OOP) systems support encapsulation, [2][3] but encapsulation is not unique to OOP. Implementations of abstract data types, modules, and libraries also offer encapsulation. The similarity has been explained by programming language theorists in terms of ...