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Islamic Golden Age brass astrolabe Brass lectern with an eagle. Attributed to Aert van Tricht, Limburg (Netherlands), c. 1500.. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, [1] but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc.
Copper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion . Of the large number of different types, the best known traditional types are bronze , where tin is a significant addition, and brass , using zinc instead.
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon).
Muntz metal (also known as yellow metal [1]) is an alpha-beta brass alloy composed of approximately 60% copper, 40% zinc and a trace of iron. It is named after George Fredrick Muntz, a metal-roller of Birmingham, England, who commercialised the alloy following his patent of 1832. [2] [3]
An alloy is distinct from an impure metal in that, with an alloy, the added elements are well controlled to produce desirable properties, while impure metals such as wrought iron are less controlled, but are often considered useful. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
Gunmetal ingot is a related alloy in which the zinc is replaced by 2% lead; this makes the alloy easier to cast but it has less strength. [2] Modified gunmetal contains lead in addition to the zinc; it is typically composed of 86% copper, 9.5% tin, 2.5% lead, and 2% zinc. It is used for gears and bearings. [2]
Tombac, or tombak, is a brass alloy with high copper content and 5–20% zinc content. [1] Tin, lead or arsenic may be added for colouration. [2] [3] It is a cheap malleable alloy mainly used for medals, ornament, decoration and some munitions. In older use, the term may apply to brass alloy with a zinc content as high as 28–35%. [1] [4]
Bismuth bronze or bismuth brass is a copper alloy which typically contains 1-3% bismuth by weight, although some alloys contain over 6% Bi. This bronze alloy is very corrosion -resistant, a property which makes it suitable for use in environments such as the ocean.