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Egypt is concerned that Ethiopia is using water from the Nile to fill its giant Renaissance dam.
The High Dam protects Egypt from floods, stores water for year-round irrigation and produces hydropower. With a live storage capacity of 90 billion cubic the dam stores more than one and a half the average annual flow of the Nile River, thus providing a high level of regulation in the river basin compared to other regulated rivers in the world.
Egypt is the most populated country in the Middle East and North Africa region with over 104 million inhabitants. [26] Since the majority of Egypt's geography consists of expansive desert, 43.1% [ 27 ] of citizens live in urban areas along the Nile or Mediterranean Sea , such as Cairo , Alexandria , or Aswan .
After the Aswan Dam was constructed in Egypt it protected Egypt from the droughts in 1972–1973 and 1983–1987 that devastated East and West Africa. The dam allowed Egypt to reclaim about 840,000 hectares in the Nile Delta and along the Nile Valley, increasing the country's irrigated area by a third. The increase was brought about both by ...
Ethiopia's move to fill the dam's reservoir could reduce Nile flows by as much as 25% and devastate Egyptian farmlands. [1]Water conflict typically refers to violence or disputes associated with access to, or control of, water resources, or the use of water or water systems as weapons or casualties of conflicts.
One dam burst, then a second, sending a huge wave of water gushing down through the mountains towards the coastal Libyan city, killing thousands as entire neighborhoods were swept into the sea.
Collectively, the dams will use nearly 500 million mcm/y of the Nile’s annual flow. [3] Ethiopia is the only Nile River riparian to make a legal claim to Nile waters other than Egypt or Sudan since the Nile Waters Treaty was signed in 1959. Like in Egypt, population growth in Ethiopia has led to an increase in water consumption.
One example is the dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam which escalated in 2020. [ 97 ] [ 98 ] Egypt sees the dam as an existential threat, fearing that the dam will reduce the amount of water it receives from the Nile .