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Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits that was introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. [1] MMI obtained a registered trademark on the term PAL for use in "Programmable Semiconductor Logic Circuits".
PAL devices have arrays of transistor cells arranged in a "fixed-OR, programmable-AND" plane used to implement "sum-of-products" binary logic equations for each of the outputs in terms of the inputs and either synchronous or asynchronous feedback from the outputs. MMI introduced a breakthrough device in 1978, the programmable array logic or PAL ...
PLA schematic example. A programmable logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits.The PLA has a set of programmable AND gate planes, which link to a set of programmable OR gate planes, which can then be conditionally complemented to produce an output.
A common variation on the standard Fill-In is using numbers, instead of specific words, sometimes called "cross numbers". [1] [8] In this puzzle, the entries could be listed as the number, a mathematical expression, or even an important year. [8] A more complex variation on the Fill-In is the "diagramless" Fill-In, where the grid is initially ...
A 15x15 lattice-style grid is common for cryptic crosswords. A cryptic crossword is a crossword puzzle in which each clue is a word puzzle. Cryptic crosswords are particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where they originated, [1] as well as Ireland, the Netherlands, and in several Commonwealth nations, including Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, and South Africa.
Taking this one stage further, the clue word can hint at the word or words to be abbreviated rather than giving the word itself. For example: "About" for C or CA (for "circa"), or RE. "Say" for EG, used to mean "for example". More obscure clue words of this variety include: "Model" for T, referring to the Model T.
An Altera MAX 7000-series CPLD with 2500 gates. Die of an Altera EPM7032 EEPROM-based CPLD.Die size 3446x2252 μm. Technology node 1 μm. A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity between that of PALs and FPGAs, and architectural features of both.
Sudoku can be solved using stochastic (random-based) algorithms. [11] [12] An example of this method is to: Randomly assign numbers to the blank cells in the grid. Calculate the number of errors. "Shuffle" the inserted numbers until the number of mistakes is reduced to zero. A solution to the puzzle is then found.