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Starved for oxygen and nutrients, elastic fibers become patchy and smooth muscle cells die. If the disease progresses, syphilitic aortitis leads to an aortic aneurysm. Overall, tertiary syphilis is a rare cause of aortic aneurysms. [3] Syphilitic aortitis has become rare in the developed world with the advent of penicillin treatments after ...
A true aneurysm is one that involves all three layers of the wall of an artery (intima, media and adventitia).True aneurysms include atherosclerotic, syphilitic, and congenital aneurysms, as well as ventricular aneurysms that follow transmural myocardial infarctions (aneurysms that involve all layers of the attenuated wall of the heart are also considered true aneurysms).
The most common complication is syphilitic aortitis, which may result in aortic aneurysm formation. [3] Neurosyphilis refers to an infection involving the central nervous system. Involvement of the central nervous system in syphilis (either asymptomatic or symptomatic) can occur at any stage of the infection. [21]
However, a syphilitic aneurysm is more likely to be a thoracic aortic aneurysm than an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This condition is commonly treated via a specialized multidisciplinary approach with both vascular surgeons and cardiac surgeons .
Due to syphilitic aortitis (a complication of tertiary syphilis) the aortic valve ring becomes dilated.The free margins of valve cusps no longer approximate leading to aortic valve insufficiency.
Portrait of Gerard de Lairesse by Rembrandt van Rijn, c. 1665–67, oil on canvas.De Lairesse, himself a painter and art theorist, suffered from congenital syphilis that severely deformed his face and eventually blinded him.
Inflammation and subsequent destruction of the vasa vasorum is the cause of syphilitic aortitis in tertiary syphilis. Obliterating endarteritis of the vasa vasorum results in ischemia and weakening of the aortic adventitia, which may lead to aneurysm formation in the thoracic aorta.
Neurosyphilis is the infection of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes the sexually transmitted infection syphilis.In the era of modern antibiotics, the majority of neurosyphilis cases have been reported in HIV-infected patients.