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Two-level game theory is a political model, derived from game theory, that illustrates the domestic-international interactions between states. It was originally introduced in 1988 by Robert D. Putnam in his publication "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games".
Robert David Putnam was born on January 9, 1941, in Rochester, New York, [10] and grew up in Port Clinton, Ohio, [11] where he participated in a competitive bowling league as a teenager. [12] Putnam graduated from Swarthmore College in 1963 where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity.
The original "two-level game" model, introduced in 1988 by Robert Putnam, recognizes only two levels of stakeholders as being relevant to a successful outcome, the domestic political constituencies of each state and each state's foreign negotiating counterparts. [5]
In my opinion, and as it is stated by Robert Putman in his article "Diplomacy and domestic politics: the logic of two-level-games" in his book "International Organization" (1988) win-sets are: "the set of all level I agreements that would "win" - that is gain the necessary majority among the [Level II] constituents" whereas Level I is the international level and Level II is the domestic level.
Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community is a 2000 nonfiction book by Robert D. Putnam. It was developed from his 1995 essay entitled "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital". Putnam surveys the decline of social capital in the United States since 1950. He has described the reduction in all the forms of in-person ...
Swimming is one of those athletic endeavors that soothes the mind while building muscle in a low-impact, easy-on-the-injuries way. It happens to be a sport that’s ideal for seniors, and once ...
One study’s findings suggest that processed foods with protein claims may not be the healthiest option and may contain high fat, sodium, and sugar levels. People can choose healthier protein ...
Professor Putnam, also the author of Bowling Alone, leads the effort joined by Feldstein, other scholars, civic leaders, business people and politicians. The project's agenda includes building a knowledge base for understanding what creates and sustains civic trust, community participation and the bonds between people and their institutions.