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The hosts file is one of several system facilities that assists in addressing network nodes in a computer network. It is a common part of an operating system's Internet Protocol (IP) implementation, and serves the function of translating human-friendly hostnames into numeric protocol addresses, called IP addresses, that identify and locate a host in an IP network.
The single slash between host and path denotes the start of the local-path part of the URI and must be present. [5] A valid file URI must therefore begin with either file:/path (no hostname), file:///path (empty hostname), or file://hostname/path. file://path (i.e. two slashes, without a hostname) is never correct, but is often used.
When applied to a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) the host command will return information associated with that name such as its IP address and mail handling host. It can also be used to list all members of a domain. [2] The host command is also able to perform reverse IP lookups to find the FQDN associated with an IP address. [3]
The address 127.0.0.1 is the standard address for IPv4 loopback traffic; the rest are not supported by all operating systems. However, they can be used to set up multiple server applications on the host, all listening on the same port number. In the IPv6 addressing architecture [3] there is only a single address assigned for loopback: ::1. The ...
The CIDR notation 0.0.0.0 / 0 defines an IP block containing all possible IP addresses. It is commonly used in routing to depict the default route as a destination subnet. It matches all addresses in the IPv4 address space and is present on most hosts, directed towards a local router. [10]
This is usually a combination of the host's local name with its parent domain's name. For example, en.wikipedia.org consists of a local hostname ( en ) and the domain name wikipedia.org . This kind of hostname is translated into an IP address via the local hosts file , or the DNS resolver .
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The only range of communication difference is the method to convert a name to the address parameter needed to bind the socket's connection. For a Unix domain socket, the name is a /path/filename. For an Internet domain socket, the name is an IP address:Port number. In either case, the name is called an address. [3]