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The embryo is surrounded by the thin membranes of the amniotic sac, the umbilical cord is seen in the center, attaching the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. [2]
The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels. A major difference between the fetal circulation and postnatal circulation is that the lungs are not used during the fetal stage resulting in the presence of shunts to move oxygenated blood and ...
Umbilical cord prolapse is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. [2] The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromise blood flow to the baby. [2] It usually occurs during labor but can occur anytime after the rupture of membranes. [1] [5]
Nuchal cord, when the umbilical cord is (tightly) around the neck of the fetus [2] Entanglement of the cord [2] Knot in the cord [2] Cord prolapse, where the umbilical cord exits the birth canal before the baby, which can cause cord compression. [3] As a complication of oligohydramnios in which there is insufficient amniotic fluid
Professor Lisa Askie, senior author of the study, said: “Our findings highlight that particular care should be taken to keep premature babies warm when deferring umbilical cord clamping.
In velamentous cord insertion, the vessels of the umbilical cord are improperly inserted in the chorioamniotic membrane, and hence the vessels traverse between the amnion and the chorion towards the placenta. [1] [11] Without Wharton's jelly protecting the vessels, the exposed vessels are susceptible to compression and rupture. [1] [9]
There are a few ways a heart valve can get damaged. Dr. Bereliani says that one way is having high blood pressure. “Constant high blood pressure on the valves can significantly damage the valves ...
Finally, if the cord is too tight to slip back over the shoulders, one may use the somersault maneuver to allow the body to be delivered. [12] The birth attendant may also choose to clamp and cut the umbilical cord to allow for vaginal delivery if other methods of nuchal cord management are not feasible.