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Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by blood tests, medical imaging, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. [2] Certain types are preventable with vaccines. [5] Treatment may include antiviral medications (such as acyclovir), anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids. [1] Treatment generally takes place in hospital. [1]
Neuropsychiatric features such as behavioral changes, hallucinations, or cognitive decline are frequent. Severe symptoms are most common among infants and the elderly. Most infections are asymptomatic, lacking symptoms, whereas most symptomatic cases are mild illnesses. [1] [12] Virus-specific symptoms may also exist or tests may indicate one ...
People whose condition was caused by a recent viral infection should make a full recovery without treatment in a few months. Fine motor skills, such as handwriting, typically have to be practised in order to restore them to their former ability. In more serious cases, strokes, bleeding or infections may sometimes cause permanent symptoms.
In most cases, there is no specific treatment, with efforts generally aimed at relieving symptoms (headache, fever or nausea). [6] A few viral causes, such as HSV, have specific treatments. In the United States, viral meningitis is the cause of more than half of all cases of meningitis. [7]
Currently, the only commonly employed treatments of ventriculitis involve an antibiotic regimen targeting the underlying infection causing the inflammation. Typically, the physician will order the patient be placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics in order to manage the symptoms and control the infection while the cerebrospinal fluid samples are ...
Treatments of proven efficacy are currently limited mostly to herpes viruses and human immunodeficiency virus. The herpes virus is of two types: herpes type 1 (HSV-1, or oral herpes) and herpes type 2 (HSV-2, or genital herpes). Although there is no particular cure; there are treatments that can relieve the symptoms.
The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves. [15] The symptoms of influenza are similar to those of a cold, although usually more severe and less likely to include a runny nose. [6] [16] There is no vaccine for the common cold. [3]
A mother holding her son who was born with microcephaly due to vertically transmitted infection with Zika virus. Microcephaly (from Neo-Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head" [2]) is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. [3]