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Example of an unsaturated fat triglyceride (C 55 H 98 O 6).Left part: glycerol; right part, from top to bottom: palmitic acid, oleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid. A triglyceride (from tri-and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. [1]
For instance, α-linolenic acid is an 18:3 fatty acid and its three double bonds are located at positions Δ 9, Δ 12, and Δ 15. This notation can be ambiguous, as some different fatty acids can have the same C:D numbers. Consequently, when ambiguity exists this notation is usually paired with either a Δ x or n−x term. [13]
Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid.C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027.
The adipocyte, or fat cell, is designed for continuous synthesis and breakdown of triglycerides in animals, with breakdown controlled mainly by the activation of hormone-sensitive enzyme lipase. [65] Migratory birds that must fly long distances without eating use triglycerides to fuel their flights. [2]: 619
In principle, when interesterification is applied to two pure triglycerides, each with three identical fatty acids (AAA and BBB), the result could contain six different triglycerides (AAA, AAB, ABA, ABB, BAB, and BBB). The number is 6, rather than 2 3 = 8, because of the symmetry of the glycerol backbone. [5]
Glycerol has three hydroxyl functional groups, which can be esterified with one, two, or three fatty acids to form mono-, di-, and triglycerides. [2] These structures vary in their fatty acid alkyl groups as they can contain different carbon numbers, different degrees of unsaturation, and different configurations and positions of olefins. [1]
The fatty acids in phospho- and glycolipids usually contain an even number, typically between 14 and 24, of carbon atoms, with 16- and 18-carbon being the most common. FAs may be saturated or unsaturated, with the configuration of the double bonds nearly always cis .
Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules.They are mostly transported in a phospholipid capsule, and the type of protein embedded in this outer shell determines the fate of the particle and its influence on metabolism.