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  2. Physical Address Extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Address_Extension

    A free-of-charge program for Microsoft Windows is available which will list many processor capabilities, including PAE support. [14] In Linux, commands such as cat /proc/cpuinfo can list the pae flag when present, [15] as well as other tools such as the SYSLINUX Hardware Detection Tool. To run the processor in PAE mode, operating system support ...

  3. PSE-36 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSE-36

    Compared to the Physical Address Extension (PAE) method, PSE-36 is a simpler alternative to addressing more than 4 GB of memory. It uses the Page Size Extension (PSE) mode and a modified page directory table to map 4 MB pages into a 64 GB physical address space. PSE-36's downside is that, unlike PAE, it doesn't have 4-KB page granularity above ...

  4. Addressing mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_mode

    The PC-relative addressing mode can be used to load a register with a value stored in program memory a short distance away from the current instruction. It can be seen as a special case of the "base plus offset" addressing mode, one that selects the program counter (PC) as the "base register".

  5. ModR/M - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ModR/M

    The "mod" field specifies the addressing mode for the register/memory ("r/m") operand. If the "mod" field is 11 2, the "r/m" field encodes a register in the same manner as the "reg" field. However, if the "mod" field is anything else (00 2, 01 2, or 10 2), the "r/m" field specifies an addressing mode. The interpretation of these five bits ...

  6. x86 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86

    Real Address mode, [37] commonly called Real mode, is an operating mode of 8086 and later x86-compatible CPUs. Real mode is characterized by a 20-bit segmented memory address space (meaning that only slightly more than 1 MiB of memory can be addressed [ p ] ), direct software access to peripheral hardware, and no concept of memory protection or ...

  7. Orthogonal instruction set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_instruction_set

    Direct address: ADD.A address 1 — add the value stored at address 1; Memory indirect: ADD.M address 1 — read the value in address 1, use that value as another address and add that value; Many ISAs also have registers that can be used for addressing as well as math tasks. This can be used in a one-address format if a single address register ...

  8. Second Level Address Translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Level_Address...

    When processes use virtual addresses and an instruction requests access to memory, the processor translates the virtual address to a physical address using a page table or translation lookaside buffer (TLB). When running a virtual system, it has allocated virtual memory of the host system that serves as a physical memory for the guest system ...

  9. x86 memory segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_memory_segmentation

    The segment address is always added to a 16-bit offset in the instruction to yield a linear address, which is the same as physical address in this mode. For instance, the segmented address 06EFh:1234h (here the suffix "h" means hexadecimal) has a segment selector of 06EFh, representing a segment address of 06EF0h, to which the offset is added ...