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In yeast [39] and many bacteria, alcohol dehydrogenase plays an important part in fermentation: Pyruvate resulting from glycolysis is converted to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide, and the acetaldehyde is then reduced to ethanol by an alcohol dehydrogenase called ADH1.
The reaction is the result of an accumulation of acetaldehyde, a metabolic byproduct of the catabolic metabolism of alcohol, and is caused by an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency. [4] This syndrome has been associated with lower than average rates of alcoholism, possibly due to its association with adverse effects after drinking alcohol. [5]
Acetaldehyde is more toxic than alcohol and is responsible for many hangover symptoms. [5] About 50% of people of Northeast Asian descent have a dominant mutation in their acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, [6] making this enzyme less effective, which causes the alcohol flush reaction, also known as Asian flush syndrome
Alcohol intolerance is an inherited genetic disorder that impairs alcohol metabolism. [34] The increased accumulation of acetaldehyde in affected individuals due to deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes often leads to the characteristic symptom of having flushed skin.
Once it enters the liver, alcohol begins to break down with the help of enzymes—namely alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. “These enzymes break down alcohol into acetaldehyde ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH2 gene located on chromosome 12. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] ALDH2 belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism.
[4] [6] Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are present at their highest concentrations (in liver mitochondria). [98] [107] But these enzymes are widely expressed throughout the body, such as in the stomach and small intestine. [2] Some alcohol undergoes a first pass of metabolism in these areas, before it ever enters the ...
Sometimes a dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction will look like this: AH + B + ↔ A + + BH when a hydride is transferred. Alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol, with the help of the electron carrier NAD +, yielding acetaldehyde. A represents the substrate that will be oxidized, while B is the hydride acceptor.