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The information required for practice-based evidence is of three sorts: context (e.g. case mix), intervention (treatment) and outcomes (change). [7] Some mental health services are developing a practice-based evidence culture with the routine measurement of clinical outcomes [8] [9] and creating behavioral health outcomes management programs.
A Core Outcome Set (COS) is a standardized set of domains and instruments that define the minimum outcomes to be measured and reported in all clinical trials related to a specific clinical area. It is developed through a rigorous consensus process involving diverse collaborators, including patient research partners, healthcare professionals ...
Outcome contains all the effects of healthcare on patients or populations, including changes to health status, behavior, or knowledge as well as patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life. Outcomes are sometimes seen as the most important indicators of quality because improving patient health status is the primary goal of healthcare.
A patient-reported outcome (PRO) is a health outcome directly reported by the patient who experienced it. It stands in contrast to an outcome reported by someone else, such as a physician -reported outcome, a nurse -reported outcome, and so on.
An example of this is the collection of symptom data from patients undergoing chemotherapy, using handheld diaries. This allows clinic staff to monitor outpatients, and to identify the occurrence of adverse reactions that may require intervention.
The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]
[7] Considering confounding factors and bias. [8] Using Hill’s criteria as a guide, but not considering them to give definitive conclusions. [9] Separating causal association and interventions, because interventions in public health are more complex than can be evaluated by use of Hill’s criteria [10]
Health indicators are quantifiable characteristics of a population which researchers use as supporting evidence for describing the health of a population.Typically, researchers will use a survey methodology to gather information about a population sample, use statistics in an attempt to generalize the information collected to the entire population, and then use the statistical analysis to make ...