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  2. Edict of Gülhane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Gülhane

    It promised reforms such as the abolition of tax farming, reform of conscription, and guarantee of rights to all Ottoman citizens regardless of religion or ethnic group. [2] The goal of the decree was to help modernize the empire militarily and socially so that it could compete with the Great Powers of Europe .

  3. Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Reform_Edict_of_1856

    Ottoman constitution of 1876 French translation of the edict, in Législation ottomane Volume 2, written by François Belin. The Imperial Reform Edict (Ottoman Turkish: اصلاحات خط همايونى, Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu; Modern Turkish: Islâhat Fermânı) [1] was a February 18, 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms.

  4. Ottoman Land Code of 1858 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Land_Code_of_1858

    The Ottoman Land Code of 1858 (recorded as 1274 in the Islamic calendar) [1] was the beginning of a systematic land reform programme during the Tanzimat (reform) period of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. This was followed by the 1873 land emancipation act.

  5. Tanzimat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzimat

    The Tanzimat [a] (Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات, Turkish: Tanzimat, lit.'Reorganization') was a period of liberal reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Edict of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.

  6. Law of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

    In the late 19th century, the Ottoman legal system saw substantial reform. This process of legal modernization began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839. [13] These series of law reforms began a new period of modernity in the Ottoman Empire that would pave the way for new Western ideas of politics and social ideology.

  7. Constitutional history of Turkey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_history_of...

    This document was a proclamation by Abdulmejid I which reorganised the Ottoman Empire and introduced various reforms. 1856: Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 that complemented and reinforced the Imperial Edict of Reorganisation. It promised equality of access to education, government appointments, military service, and administration of justice to ...

  8. Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the...

    The women strived for a legal reform in their favor, but the Ottoman Law of Family Rights would not change much in expanding women's rights. According to Sijjil records, women were active in Sharia courts as an attempt to change their roles and increase women's rights. [92] The Sharia courts gave women the opportunity to increase their agency. [92]

  9. Nizam-i Cedid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizam-I_Cedid

    The Nizam-i Cedid (Ottoman Turkish: نظام جديد, romanized: Niẓām-ı Cedīd, lit. 'new order') was a series of reforms carried out by Ottoman Sultan Selim III during the late 18th and the early 19th centuries in a drive to catch up militarily and politically with the Western powers.