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The Navier–Stokes equations (/ n æ v ˈ j eɪ s t oʊ k s / nav-YAY STOHKS) are partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances. They were named after French engineer and physicist Claude-Louis Navier and the Irish physicist and mathematician George Gabriel Stokes. They were developed over several decades ...
In mathematics, the Navier–Stokes equations are a system of nonlinear partial differential equations for abstract vector fields of any size. In physics and engineering, they are a system of equations that model the motion of liquids or non-rarefied gases (in which the mean free path is short enough so that it can be thought of as a continuum mean instead of a collection of particles) using ...
This equation is called the mass continuity equation, or simply the continuity equation. This equation generally accompanies the Navier–Stokes equation. In the case of an incompressible fluid, Dρ / Dt = 0 (the density following the path of a fluid element is constant) and the equation reduces to:
The equation of motion for Stokes flow can be obtained by linearizing the steady state Navier–Stokes equations.The inertial forces are assumed to be negligible in comparison to the viscous forces, and eliminating the inertial terms of the momentum balance in the Navier–Stokes equations reduces it to the momentum balance in the Stokes equations: [1]
One splits the Euler equations (fluid dynamics) or the Navier-Stokes equations into an average and a fluctuating part. One finds that upon averaging the fluid equations, a stress on the right hand side appears of the form ρ u i ′ u j ′ ¯ {\displaystyle \rho {\overline {u'_{i}u'_{j}}}} .
In fluid mechanics, non-dimensionalization of the Navier–Stokes equations is the conversion of the Navier–Stokes equation to a nondimensional form. This technique can ease the analysis of the problem at hand, and reduce the number of free parameters. Small or large sizes of certain dimensionless parameters indicate the importance of certain ...
The Navier–Stokes equations (or Stokes equations, when fluid inertia may be neglected) are expanded in this small parameter, and the leading-order equations are then
Discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid dynamics is a reformulation of the equations in such a way that they can be applied to computational fluid dynamics. Several methods of discretization can be applied: Finite volume method; Finite elements method; Finite difference method