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His model is primarily concerned with public speaking and is made up of five elements: the speaker, the message, the audience, the occasion, and the effect. [71] [73] According to Aristotle's communication model, the speaker wishes to have an effect on the audience, such as persuading them of an opinion or a course of action. The same message ...
The SMCR model influenced the development of later models, often in the form of extensions to it. Marshall McLuhan extended the SMCR model by including interpretation as one of the steps of the receiver. [4] Gerhard Maletzke applied the SMCR model to mass communication in his 1978 book The Psychology of Mass Communication.
Lasswell's model is also utilized in pedagogical settings to teach students the major elements of the communication process and as a starting point for developing hypotheses. Lasswell and others have used his model beyond the scope of mass communication as a tool for the analysis of all forms of verbal communication.
Die Rhetorik des Aristoteles und ihr Verhältnis zum historischen Kontext [Aristotle's rhetoric and its relationship to the historical context]. Historia Einzelschriften, vol. 261. Stuttgart: Steiner, ISBN 978-3-515-12564-2.
The four modes of persuasion are present in many more ways than most might think. They can be seen in advertisements on social media, on television, in flyers, and even on billboards on the side of the road. [9] This type of persuasion can be seen in a simple conversation with family members or friends.
Gatekeeping is a process by which information is filtered to the public by the media. According to Pamela Shoemaker and Tim Vos, gatekeeping is the "process of culling and crafting countless bits of information into the limited number of messages that reach people every day, and it is the center of the media's role in modern public life.
The people with most access to media, and having a more literate understanding of media content, explain and diffuse the content to others. [5] Based on the two-step flow hypothesis, the term "personal influence" came to illustrate the process intervening between the media's direct message and the audience's reaction to that message.
Source credibility is "a term commonly used to imply a communicator's positive characteristics that affect the receiver's acceptance of a message." [1] Academic studies of this topic began in the 20th century and were given a special emphasis during World War II, when the US government sought to use propaganda to influence public opinion in support of the war effort.