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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]
A similar physical sign had been described by Carl von Fernwald Braun. [2] It comes from an era when laboratory tests for pregnancy had not been developed, but experience gained in pelvic examination during early pregnancy by western gynecologists led them to publish their physical findings, allowing clinical diagnosis of pregnancy. [ 3 ]
Women who are underweight (BMI of less than 18.5), should gain between 12.7 and 18 kg (28–40 lb), while those who are overweight (BMI of 25–29.9) are advised to gain between 6.8 and 11.3 kg (15–25 lb) and those who are obese (BMI ≥ 30) should gain between 5–9 kg (11–20 lb). [105]
[1] [2] [3] Common complications of pregnancy include anemia, gestational diabetes, infections, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Presence of these types of complications can have implications on monitoring lab work, imaging, and medical management during pregnancy.
The estimated date of delivery (EDD), also known as expected date of confinement, [1] and estimated due date or simply due date, is a term describing the estimated delivery date for a pregnant woman. [2] Normal pregnancies last between 38 and 42 weeks. [3] Children are delivered on their expected due date about 4% of the time. [4]
The sign is usually present from 4–6 weeks [2] until the 12th week of pregnancy. Hegar's sign is more difficult to recognize in multiparous women. Interpretation: On bimanual examination (two fingers in the anterior fornix and two fingers below the uterus per abdomen), the abdominal and vaginal fingers seem to oppose below the body of uterus ...
[2] [3] Sexual activity without the use of effective contraception through choice or coercion is the predominant cause of unintended pregnancy. Worldwide, the unintended pregnancy rate is approximately 45% of all pregnancies (for a total of 120 million unintended pregnancies annually), but rates vary in different geographic areas and among ...
The equals sign (British English) or equal sign (American English), also known as the equality sign, is the mathematical symbol =, which is used to indicate equality. [1] In an equation , it is placed between two expressions that have the same value, or for which one studies the conditions under which they have the same value.