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A smoke generator used to visualize air flow. Smoke generators provide a low-cost method to visualize air flow patterns around hazard control measures, including in and around fume hoods and pressure differences between adjacent areas or rooms. [7] In infectious disease control a smoke test is done to see whether a room is under negative ...
Meerschaum also softens when heated so it is recommended to allow meerschaum pipes to cool before cleaning as people have been known to push pipe cleaners through the walls of heated pipes. Regardless whether a pipe is cleaned after every smoke, over time there is a buildup of cake in the bowl and tars in the internals of a smoking pipe.
The Frank Method is a method for packing tobacco into a smoking pipe initially developed by Achim Frank for use in pipe smoking competitions.. The Frank method involves compacting the tobacco from the sides without compressing the top.
For smoke-sized particles, a MERV 12 filter may function as well as a MERV 14 filter at half its rated air velocity (for smoke particles), and a MERV 14 may function like a MERV 12 at double its rated velocity. This is because smoke-sized particles depend on diffusion (Brownian motion) onto fibers as much as impaction, rather than completely on ...
Smoke exhaust ductwork, in Europe, is typically protected via passive fire protection means, subject to fire testing (typically to NBN EN 1366-8 [1]) and listing and approval use and compliance. It is used to remove smoke from buildings , ships or offshore structures to enable emergency evacuation as well as improved firefighting.
The no slip boundary condition at the pipe wall requires that u = 0 at r = R (radius of the pipe), which yields c 2 = GR 2 / 4μ . Thus we have finally the following parabolic velocity profile: = (). The maximum velocity occurs at the pipe centerline (r = 0), u max = GR 2 / 4μ .
A flue gas stack at GRES-2 Power Station in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan, the tallest of its kind in the world (420 meters or 1,380 feet) [1]. A flue-gas stack, also known as a smoke stack, chimney stack or simply as a stack, is a type of chimney, a vertical pipe, channel or similar structure through which flue gases are exhausted to the outside air.
For air with a heat capacity ratio =, then =; other gases have in the range 1.09 (e.g. butane) to 1.67 (monatomic gases), so the critical pressure ratio varies in the range < / <, which means that, depending on the gas, choked flow usually occurs when the downstream static pressure drops to below 0.487 to 0.587 times the absolute pressure in ...