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Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
Preconceived notions that 'white' people have greater pulmonary function are embedded in spirometer measurement interpretation and have only been reinforced through this medical stereotyping. In the United States, spirometers use correction factors of 10-15% for those identified as 'black' and 4-6% for those identified as 'Asian.' [ 6 ]
There are a number of non-equivalent scales used in the interpretation of peak expiratory flow. [4] Some examples of Reference Values are given below. There is a wide natural variation in results from healthy test subjects. Wright scale [5] [6] EN 13826 or EU scale [7] NHANESIII [8] reference values provided by the US Centers for Disease ...
Furthermore, the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in neuromuscular disease, and can guide treatment decisions in Guillain–Barré syndrome and myasthenic crisis. [citation needed] A normal adult has a vital capacity between 3 and 5 litres. [3]
An incentive spirometer is a handheld medical device used to help patients improve the functioning of their lungs.By training patients to take slow and deep breaths, this simplified spirometer facilitates lung expansion and strengthening.
In restrictive lung disease, both forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (FVC) are reduced, however, the decline in FVC is more than that of FEV1, resulting in a higher than 80% FEV1/FVC ratio.
The fraction of exhaled NO (FE NO) is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, follow-up and as a guide to therapy in adults and children with asthma. The breath test has recently become available in many well-equipped hospitals in developed countries, although its exact role remains unclear.
Air trapping, also called gas trapping, is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely. [1] It is observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.