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tidyr – help transform data specifically into tidy data, where each variable is a column, each observation is a row; each row is an observation, and each value is a cell. readr – help read in common delimited, text files with data; purrr – a functional programming toolkit; tibble – a modern implementation of the built-in data frame data ...
dplyr is an R package whose set of functions are designed to enable dataframe (a spreadsheet-like data structure) manipulation in an intuitive, user-friendly way. It is one of the core packages of the popular tidyverse set of packages in the R programming language. [1]
Note how the use of A[i][j] with multi-step indexing as in C, as opposed to a neutral notation like A(i,j) as in Fortran, almost inevitably implies row-major order for syntactic reasons, so to speak, because it can be rewritten as (A[i])[j], and the A[i] row part can even be assigned to an intermediate variable that is then indexed in a separate expression.
Pine Store Limited, doing business as Pine64 (styled as PINE64), is a Hong Kong-based organization that designs, manufactures, and sells single-board computers, notebook computers, as well as smartwatch/smartphones. Its name was inspired by the mathematical constants π and e with a reference to 64-bit computing power.
Python uses the following syntax to express list comprehensions over finite lists: S = [ 2 * x for x in range ( 100 ) if x ** 2 > 3 ] A generator expression may be used in Python versions >= 2.4 which gives lazy evaluation over its input, and can be used with generators to iterate over 'infinite' input such as the count generator function which ...
Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory; Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields . Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named
The free format MPS allows for long names and more accurate data by allowing fields to exceed the columns defined by the original standard, and apply whitespaces as separators instead of fixed column positions (note that this makes some MPS files that included whitespaces as part of names to be no longer valid).
Single-value containers store each object independently. Objects may be accessed directly, by a language loop construct (e.g. for loop ) or with an iterator . An associative container uses an associative array , map, or dictionary, composed of key-value pairs, such that each key appears at most once in the container.