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A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column).
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition , and the way in which it is formed.
Volcanic group – Collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms; Volcanic island – Island of volcanic origin; Volcanic plateau – Plateau produced by volcanic activity; Volcanic plug – Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano; Volcano – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes
Glacial abrasion is the surface wear achieved by individual clasts, or rocks of various sizes, contained within ice or by subglacial sediment as the glacier slides over bedrock. [9] Abrasion can crush smaller grains or particles and remove grains or multigrain fragments, but the removal of larger fragments is classified as plucking (or ...
A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop. Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock. The term rock formation can also refer to specific sedimentary strata or other rock unit in stratigraphic and petrologic studies.
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[1] [2] Examples are dolomite, which is an aggregate of crystals of the mineral dolomite, [3] and rock gypsum, an aggregate of crystals of the mineral gypsum. [4] Lapis lazuli is a type of rock composed of an aggregate of crystals of many minerals including lazurite , pyrite , phlogopite , calcite , potassium feldspar , wollastonite and some ...
Rock can also form in the absence of a substantial pressure gradient as material that condensed from a protoplanetary disk, without ever undergoing any transformations in the interior of a large object such as a planet or moon. Astrophysicists classify this as a fourth type of rock: primitive rock. This type is common in asteroids and meteorites.