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Downwelling is the downward movement of a fluid parcel and its properties (e.g., salinity, temperature, pH) within a larger fluid. It is closely related to upwelling , the upward movement of fluid. While downwelling is most commonly used to describe an oceanic process, it's also used to describe a variety of Earth phenomena.
Where significant vertical movement of ocean currents is observed, this is known as upwelling and downwelling. The adjective thermohaline derives from thermo-referring to temperature and -haline referring to salt content, factors which together determine the density of seawater.
Upwelling and downwelling areas in the oceans are areas where significant vertical currents of water are observed. Ocean currents can be contrasted with the tidal currents that occur in coastal areas. Ocean surface waves – are surface waves that occur on the free surface of the ocean. They usually result from wind, and are also referred to as ...
Conceptualised downwelling in an intensifying anticyclonic eddy in the Northern Hemisphere. (Inspired from [1]) Eddy pumping is a component of mesoscale eddy-induced vertical motion. Such vertical motion is caused by the deformation of the pycnocline.
Ekman pumping is the component of Ekman transport that results in areas of downwelling due to the convergence of water. [9] As discussed above, the concept of mass conservation requires that a pile up of surface water must be pushed downward.
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The downwelling of water that occurs in subtropical gyres takes nutrients deeper in the ocean, removing them from surface waters. Organic particles can also be removed from surface waters through gravitational sinking, where the particle is too heavy to remain suspended in the water column. [ 39 ]
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