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In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction. Isozymes usually have different kinetic parameters (e.g. different K M values), or are regulated differently.
Vitamin A ; Vitamin B. Vitamin B 1 ; Vitamin B 2 ; Vitamin B 3 (niacin or nicotinic acid) Vitamin B 4 ; Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine or pyridoxamine) Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Vitamin D ; Vitamin E ; Vitamin F; Vitamin H ; Vitamin K (naphthoquinone) Vitamin M
Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
Humans can produce some vitamins from precursors they consume: for example, vitamin A is synthesized from beta carotene; and niacin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. [54] Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others. Vitamin B 12 is the only vitamin or nutrient not available from plant sources.
Isoenzymes, or isozymes, are multiple forms of an enzyme, with slightly different protein sequence and closely similar but usually not identical functions. They are either products of different genes, or else different products of alternative splicing. They may either be produced in different organs or cell types to perform the same function ...
Many drugs may increase or decrease the activity of various P450 isozymes either by inducing the biosynthesis of an isozyme (enzyme induction) or by directly inhibiting the activity of the P450 (enzyme inhibition). A classical example includes anti-epileptic drugs, such as phenytoin, which induces CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.
In cell biology, protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
Function: An enzyme that is produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system and is abundant in the secretions of saliva, human milk, tears, and mucus. It functions as an antimicrobial agent by splitting the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which then leads to cell death.