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Pulmonary surfactant thus greatly reduces surface tension, increasing compliance allowing the lung to inflate much more easily, thereby reducing the work of breathing. It reduces the pressure difference needed to allow the lung to inflate. The lung's compliance, and ventilation decrease when lung tissue becomes diseased and fibrotic. [3]
It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity. Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering around 2% of the alveolar walls.
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction is a condition where pulmonary surfactant is insufficient for adequate respiration. Surface tension at the liquid-air interphase in the alveoli makes the air sacs prone to collapsing post expiration. This is due to the fact that water molecules in the liquid-air surface of alveoli are more attracted to one ...
In molecular biology, Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a protein domain predominantly found in lung surfactant. This protein plays a special role; its primary task is to act as a defence protein against any pathogens that may invade the lung. It also plays a role in lubricating the lung and preventing it from collapse.
The protein component of surfactant helps in the modulation of the innate immune response, and inflammatory processes. Alveolar sac region of the lung - TEM. SP-A1 is a member of a subfamily of C-type lectins called collectins. Together with SP-A2, they are the most abundant proteins of pulmonary surfactant.
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a deep breath out. [ 5 ] It rearranges lipid molecules in the fluid lining the lung so that tiny air sacs in the lung, called alveoli , can more easily inflate.
20390 Ensembl ENSG00000133661 ENSMUSG00000021795 UniProt P35247 P50404 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003019 NM_009160 RefSeq (protein) NP_003010 NP_033186 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 79.94 – 79.98 Mb Chr 14: 40.89 – 40.91 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of lectins called collectin ...
Lung surfactant (LS) is a surface-active material produced by most air-breathing animals for the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the water layer where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, given that the movements due to inhalation and exhalation may cause damage if there is not enough energy to sustain alveolar structural integrity.