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The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis [1] is the thick connective tissue aponeurosis which supports the arch on the bottom (plantar side) of the foot.Recent studies suggest that the plantar fascia is actually an aponeurosis rather than true fascia.
The sole and the longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by a thick connective tissue, the plantar fascia. The central component of this tissue extends to the supporting bones and gives two divisions–the medial component and lateral component ; thus they define the boundaries of the three muscle compartments of the sole (see below).
Since the intersseous muscles cross on the metatarsophalangeal joint, then they act on that specific joint and cause adduction of toes III, IV, and V. [1] Adduction itself is not of extreme importance to the toes, but these muscles work together with the dorsal interosseous muscles in flexion of the foot.
Left: toes adducted (pulled towards the center) and spread (abducted); right, both feet clenched (plantar flexed) The upper foot is clenching (plantarflexing) at the MTP joints and at the joints of the toes; the central foot is lifting the toes (dorsiflexing) at the MTP joints; and the foot flat on the ground off to the side is in a neutral ...
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion . In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate [ clarification needed ] organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
The abductor hallucis as seen from an inferior projection of the foot. This diagram shows the bottom-most layer of muscles, just under the plantar skin of the foot. The abductor hallucis muscle is located in the medial border of the foot and contributes to form the prominence that is observed on the region.
However, human feet, and the human medial longitudinal arch, differ in that the anterior part of the foot is medially twisted on the posterior part of the foot, [12] so that all the toes may contact the ground at the same time, and the twisting is so marked that the most medial toe, the big toe or hallux, (in some individuals the second toe ...
The anatomy and composition of the plantar plates are similar to the palmar plates in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal joints in the hand; the proximal origin is thin but the distal insertion is stout. Due to the weight-bearing nature of the human foot, the plantar plates are exposed to extension forces not present in the human ...