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Graphic depicting the loss of Native American land to U.S. settlers in the 19th century. Settler colonialism is a logic and structure of displacement by settlers, using colonial rule, over an environment for replacing it and its indigenous peoples with settlements and the society of the settlers.
Royal Proclamation of 1763. The Royal Proclamation of 1763, issued by King George III, is considered one of the most important treaties in Canada between Europeans and Indigenous peoples, establishing the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the Crown, which recognized Indigenous peoples rights, as well as defining the treaty making process, which is still used in Canada today. [7]
Theorists of Indigenous resurgence define colonialism as the dispossession and the erasure of people, bodies, histories, knowledges, ceremonies, sense of place, and of the land. These are replaced with compartmentalized state-imposed definitions of indigeneity and of the land which value individualism and extractive capitalism.
The atrocities against Indigenous peoples have related to forced displacement, exile, introduction of new diseases, forced containment in reservations, forced assimilation, forced labour, criminalization, dispossession, land theft, compulsory sterilization, forcibly transferring children of the group to another group, separating children from ...
The idea of land exchange, that Native Americans would give up their land east of the Mississippi in exchange for a similar amount of territory west of the river, was first proposed by Jefferson in 1803 and first incorporated into treaties in 1817 (years after the Jefferson presidency). The Indian Removal Act of 1830 included this concept. [46]
To protect indigenous land rights, special rules are sometimes created to protect the areas they live in. In other cases, governments establish "reserves" with the intention of segregation. Some indigenous peoples live in places where their right to land is not recognised, or not effectively protected.
Indigenous peoples are the earliest known inhabitants of a territory that was or remains colonized by a dominant group. [7] Before the age of colonialism, there were hundreds of nations and tribes throughout the territories that would be colonized, with diverse languages, religions and cultures. [8]
Indigenous land rights have historically been undermined by a variety of doctrines such as terra nullius. [3] which is a Latin term meaning "land belonging to no one" [4] In 1971, a group of Meriam people in Australia issued a legal claim for their ownership of their island of Mer in the Torres Strait. [5]