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The level of water inundation surpassed that as listed on 100-year floodplain maps. [105] A state of emergency was immediately declared and I-5 was closed for 4 days after it was covered in 6 feet (1.8 m) of floodwater; [105] [103] further measurements listed the amount of flooding there to be 10 feet (3.0 m). [106]
A flood insurance rate map (FIRM) is an official map of a community within the United States that displays the floodplains, more explicitly special hazard areas and risk premium zones, as delineated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). [1]
The Columbia Plateau is an important geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. [1] It is a wide flood basalt plateau between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains, cut through by the Columbia River.
The Columbia River Basalt Group (including the Steen and Picture Gorge basalts) extends over portions of four states. The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest, smallest and one of the best-preserved continental flood basalt provinces on Earth, covering over 210,000 km 2 (81,000 sq mi) mainly eastern Oregon and Washington, western Idaho, and part of northern Nevada. [1]
The Missoula floods (also known as the Spokane floods, the Bretz floods, or Bretz's floods) were cataclysmic glacial lake outburst floods that swept periodically across eastern Washington and down the Columbia River Gorge at the end of the last ice age.
Map of the Channeled Scablands. Bretz conducted research and published many papers during the 1920s describing the Channeled Scablands. His theories of how they were formed required short but immense floods – 500 cubic miles (2,100 km 3) – for which Bretz had no explanation.
U.S. Route 101 north of Shelton flooded over by nearly four feet of floodwaters from the Skokomish River in Washington State. Photo taken December 3, 2007, at the height of the December 2007 Pacific Northwest storms. The Skokomish is the most flood-prone river in Washington State, as it is the first river to flood during any major rain event. [17]
The resulting floodplain map is referred to as the 100-year floodplain. Estimates of the 100-year flood flowrate and other streamflow statistics for any stream in the United States are available. [3] In the UK, the Environment Agency publishes a comprehensive map of all areas at risk of a 1 in 100 year flood. [4]