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The world's first refineries and modern oil wells were established in the mid-nineteenth century. While petroleum industries developed in several countries during the nineteenth century, the two giants were the United States and the Russian Empire, specifically that part of it that today forms the territory of independent Azerbaijan.
Petroleum is found in porous rock formations in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust. There is also petroleum in oil sands (tar sands) . Known oil reserves are typically estimated at 190 km 3 (1.2 trillion (short scale) barrels ) without oil sands, [ 91 ] or 595 km 3 (3.74 trillion barrels) with oil sands. [ 92 ]
Crude oil production Natural oil seeps such as this in the McKittrick area of California were used by the Native Americans and later mined by settlers.. The history of the petroleum industry in the United States goes back to the early 19th century, although the indigenous peoples, like many ancient societies, have used petroleum seeps since prehistoric times; where found, these seeps signaled ...
However, two events set the stage for the Age of Oil: The first was in 1846, when Abraham Gesner invented kerosene making coal and petroleum practical raw materials for lighting fuel. The second was in 1859, when Edwin Drake invented the first modern drilling process for deep oil wells.
Saudi Arabia crude oil production 1950-2012 CIA map of petroleum concessions, oil fields, and installations in 1952. Saudi Arabian oil was first discovered by the Americans and British in commercial quantities at Dammam oil well No. 7 in 1938 in what is now modern day Dhahran.
Before petroleum was used as a fuel, oil had many uses. In Pennsylvania, the Native American tribes had been using oil from seeps for several centuries. Early European explorers discovered evidence of troughs dug alongside the creek where Native American tribes had collected oil for use as ointment, insect repellant, skin coloring and in religious ceremonies.
Samuel Martin Kier (July 19, 1813 – October 6, 1874) was an American inventor and businessman who is credited with founding the American petroleum refining industry. He was the first person in the United States to refine crude oil into kerosene lamp oil. [1] Kier has been dubbed the Grandfather of the American Oil Industry by historians. [2]
Robert Augustus Chesebrough (/ ˈ tʃ iː z b r oʊ /; [1] January 9, 1837 – September 8, 1933) was an American chemist who discovered petroleum jelly—which he marketed as Vaseline—and founder of the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company.