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In Ireland, the penal laws (Irish: Na Péindlíthe) were a series of legal disabilities imposed in the seventeenth, and early eighteenth, centuries on the kingdom's Roman Catholic majority and, to a lesser degree, on Protestant "Dissenters".
This is a timeline of Irish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Ireland. To read about the background to these events, see History of Ireland . See also the list of Lords and Kings of Ireland , alongside Irish heads of state , and the list of years in Ireland .
These Protestant settlers replaced the Irish Catholic landowners who were removed from their lands. These settlers formed the ruling class of future British appointed administrations in Ireland. Several Penal laws, aimed at Catholics, Baptists and Presbyterians, were introduced to encourage conversion to the established Church of Ireland.
Introduced in the 17th century, the Penal Laws outlawed the Catholic clergy and precluded Catholics in Ireland from owning or leasing land above a certain value, accessing higher education and certain professions, and gave primacy to the established church, the Church of Ireland. [4] While these laws were later eased, including by the Treaty of ...
Penal Laws in Ireland (1 C, 9 P) R. Repealed Irish legislation (1 C, 9 P) T. Trials in the Republic of Ireland (1 C) Y. Irish law by year (105 C) Pages in category ...
Most Penal Laws were repealed or disused by the late 18th century. As late as 1834 the officiant at an unlicensed Catholic–Protestant marriage had a sentence of death recorded, albeit commuted to 18 months' imprisonment. [7] The Criminal Law Act 1827 allowed judges to sentence to transportation for many hitherto capital crimes. [4]
"Daniel O'Connell: The Champion of Liberty" poster published in Pennsylvania, 1847. Part of the Union's attraction for many Irish Catholics and Dissenters was the promised abolition of the remaining Penal Laws then in force (which discriminated against them), and the granting of Catholic Emancipation.
The Disfranchising Act was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of Ireland debated in 1727 and enacted in 1728, one of a series of Penal Laws, and prohibited all Roman Catholics from voting in parliamentary elections.