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drug sensitization or reverse tolerance – the escalating effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose; drug withdrawal – symptoms that occur upon cessation of repeated drug use; physical dependence – dependence that involves persistent physical–somatic withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue and delirium tremens)
Substance misuse, also known as drug misuse or, in older vernacular, substance abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder .
The more recently published DSM-5 combined substance abuse and substance dependence into a single continuum; this is simply known as substance use disorder and requires more presenting symptoms before a diagnosis is made. It also considers each different substance as its own separate disorder, based upon the same basic criteria.
Signs and symptoms of drug addiction can vary depending on the type of addiction. Symptoms may include: Continuation of drug use despite the knowledge of consequences [12] Disregarding financial status when it comes to drug purchases; Ensuring a stable supply of the drug; Needing more of the drug over time to achieve similar effects [12]
The length of time that major symptoms occur also depends on the opioid used. [43] For heroin withdrawal, symptoms are typically greatest at two to four days and can last up to two weeks. [44] [43] Less significant symptoms may remain for an even longer period, in which case the withdrawal is known as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome. [43]
addictive drug – psychoactive substances that with repeated use are associated with significantly higher rates of substance use disorders, due in large part to the drug's effect on brain reward systems; dependence – an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake)